He accepted a "Live the Dream Award" from the city in February 2008. On Wednesday of this week (Oct. 5) the earthly life of Fred Shuttlesworth came to an end at age 89. A group of ministers publicly expressed their sympathy for victims of injustice while pleading for patience and submission while they negotiated for a peaceful resolution. Neighbors and police arrived to find Shuttlesworth, his wife, […] This is a biography of one of the legends of the American Civil Rights Movement: Rev. Shuttlesworth was whipped with a chain for trying to enroll his children in a white school. This book provides a comprehensive look at the bravery of those involved, describes the racism protestors fought, and outlines how peaceful tactics ultimately led to desegregation. As Birmingham goes, so goes the nation. In 1958 he began writing a weekly column for The Pittsburgh Courier, a national black newspaper. He worked with Martin Luther King Jr. during the civil rights movement, though the two men often disagreed on tactics and approaches. Found inside – Page 57showdown with Fred Shuttlesworth and other families in 1957.9 Similar to desegregation struggles in other Southern states, ... They were attacked by an angry White mob, which left Shuttlesworth badly beaten, his wife stabbed, ... Found inside – Page 45Following a well-documented 1957 incident at Birmingham's Terminal Station involving Fred Shuttlesworth, his wife Ruby Shuttlesworth, and an angry mob of local whites, Weaver eventually left Birmingham altogether, hidden in a casket and ... Upcoming Birthday. Shuttlesworth's commitment to the Freedom Rides was highlighted by Diane Nash, a student activist in the Nashville Student Movement and a major organizer of the later waves of Rides. The new group was launched at a mass meeting at Sardis Baptist Church on June 5 with over 1,000 people in attendance. © FamousBirthdays.com - use subject to the information collection practices disclosed in our Privacy Policy. During the period from 1950s thru 1960s, Rev. 170–1. Born Freddie Lee Robinson in Mount Meigs, Alabama, Shuttlesworth became pastor of the Bethel Baptist Church in Birmingham in 1953 and was Membership Chairman of the Alabama state chapter of the NAACP in 1956, when the State of Alabama formally outlawed it from operating within the state. Found inside – Page 56Fred Shuttlesworth was born Freddie Lee Robinson inMount Meigs, Alabama, in 1922. Later, he assumed the last ... In 1957, a mob attacked Shuttlesworth and his wife after they attempted to enroll their children in an all-white school. The book also features one of the citys new jewels in presenting the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center. [28], He is buried in the Oak Hill Cemetery in Birmingham.[29]. Minutes after this photo was taken, police ejected Weaver from the waiting room, and he was attacked by Dividing Lines: Municipal Politics and the Struggle for Civil Rights in Montgomery, Birmingham , and Selma . When they arrived at the school, the Shuttlesworths were met by a white mob. Shuttlesworth suffered a stroke on September 5, 2007. He was awarded Presidential Citizens Medal by President Bill Clinton, and was a guest of honor at Barack Obama's inauguration. The activities of the ACMHR were dogged by intimidation from the Ku Klux Klan. After the Riders were badly beaten and nearly killed in Birmingham and Anniston during the Rides, he sent deacons to pick up the Riders from a hospital in Anniston. Rev. [9] Shuttlesworth mobilized some of his fellow clergy to assist the rides. In the days following, hundreds of demonstrators were jailed. As the daughter of one of the most impactful civil rights leaders, the late Rev. He died at Princeton Baptist Medical Center, his wife, Sephira Bailey Shuttlesworth, said. Shuttlesworth filed another suit against the city claiming that the parade permit was denied for unconstitutional reasons and that his arrest was, therefore, illegal. He and his second wife, Sephira, moved to downtown Birmingham where he was receiving medical treatment. He filed a suit against the city after 22 of the demonstrators were arrested and fined. He died at Princeton Baptist Medical Center in October 2011. pp. "The Road to Change. The televised images of Connor's directing handlers of police dogs to attack young unarmed demonstrators and firefighters' using hoses to knock down children had a profound effect on American citizens' view of the civil rights struggle, and helped lead to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The game was set and Shuttlesworth joined King and Ralph Abernathy, clad in work clothes, on the April 12 march which led to King's incarceration. Fred Shuttlesworth was a Baptist minister and one of the South's most prominent Civil Rights leaders. Oxford UP. On December 25, 1956, unknown persons tried to kill Shuttlesworth by placing sixteen sticks of dynamite under his bedroom window. Fred L. Shuttlesworth with Dr. Clayborne Carson and King Institute staff during a visit to Stanford University. The JBHE Foundation , doi:10.2307/2678916. Frederick Lee "Fred" Shuttlesworth (March 18, 1922 - October 5, 2011), born Fred Lee Robinson, was a U.S. civil rights activist who led the fight against segregation and other forms of racism as a minister in Birmingham, Alabama.He was a co-founder of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, initiated and was instrumental in the 1963 Birmingham Campaign, and continued to work against . Fred Shuttlesworth, a pioneer of the civil rights movement, died Wednesday in Birmingham, Ala. Shuttlesworth led Birmingham's battle against segregation — a battle that focused the . Shuttlesworth Legacy. ", Garrison, Greg (June 29, 2008) "Legacy, history of civil rights icon Fred Shuttlesworth. Fred L. Shuttlesworth, 89, civil rights icon, former SCLC president. BIRMINGHAM, Ala. (AP) — The Rev. Shuttlesworth issued a response that he would agree to the test if Connor would, "submit to a lie test concerning his KKK sympathies, graft and corruption in the Birmingham PD, Connor's participation in bombings, and whether Connor encouraged police brutality. CBS, director. Freedom riders: 1961 and the struggle for racial justice. ", "James L. Bevel The Strategist of the 1960s Civil Rights Movement" by Randy Kryn, a paper in. Throughout the book, Manis emphasizes Shuttlesworth's dual role as pastor and civil rights leader, stressing Shuttlesworth's understanding of his responsibility as a Christian minister as the driving force behind his civil rights activism. stabbed his wife as they attempted to enroll two of their children in an all-white high school. •. The same day that Steve Jobs passed away, a Civil Rights icon died as well. Found inside – Page 313Among other things , the “ Reverend ” Fred Shuttlesworth , extheir holier - than - thou , go - thither look- he said ... Speaker , in a letter written to me lowed his wife from the transatlantic jet form ? by the Honorable Ford Frick ... On August 1, 1961 Shuttlesworth moved to Cincinnati to accept the pastorate of Revelation Baptist Church. Later that year he returned to Birmingham to accept the pastorate of Bethel Baptist Church, where he soon became a leader in the emerging campaign by African Americans to secure fundamental civil rights. The Rev. Phifer. Fred L. Shuttlesworth, who was bombed, beaten and repeatedly arrested in the fight for civil rights and hailed by the Rev. He opened his home to riders as a safe-house when violence broke out in the city on May 14. Named president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in August 2004, he resigned later in the year, complaining that "deceit, mistrust and a lack of spiritual discipline and truth have eaten at the core of this once-hallowed organization". [26][27] By order of Alabama governor Robert Bentley, flags on state government buildings were to be lowered to half-staff until Shuttlesworth's interment. Shuttlesworth was home at the time of the bombing with his family and two members of Bethel Baptist Church, where he served as pastor. He announced that the ACMHR would test Birmingham's enforcement of similar segregation laws the day after Christmas. Several days after Supreme Court ruling took place Montgomery buses to integrate, Rev. In early May, children joined the demonstrations. Shuttlesworth later remarried in 2006 to his second wife, Sephira Ann Bailey. Freedom riders: 1961 and the struggle for racial justice. In 2007, Fred Shuttlesworth moved back to Birmingham, where died at the age of 89. The Rev. Library of Congress/The Civil Rights Act of 1964: A Long Struggle for Freedom, CBS NEWS, May 18, 1961, www.loc.gov/exhibits/civil-rights-act/multimedia/fred-shuttlesworth.html. While Shuttlesworth was willing to negotiate with political and business leaders for peaceful abandonment of segregation, he believed, with good reason, that they would not take any steps that they were not forced to take. Shuttlesworth preaches in 2003 (Source: WBRC) BIRMINGHAM, AL (FOX19) - The Rev. Found inside – Page 103Fred Shuttlesworth and stabbed his wife for seeking to enroll their children in a “ white ” school - no arrests . In 1958 a black man was dragged from the street , taken to a shack , and castrated — no arrests . After the U.S. Supreme Court struck down segregated busing in Montgomery Alabama, he organized a campaign to end the practice in his city as well. Rev. He chose Cincinnati in part because daily air service would allow him to continue leading the ACMHR in Birmingham and to guide the pursuance numerous federal lawsuits he initiated. In 2011, while Shuttlesworth was hospitalized, his wife, Sephira, requested and received a $20,000 appropriation to her Fred Shuttlesworth Foundation from the Birmingham City Council to fund a "Fred Shuttlesworth Legacy Project" and secure a prominent place of interment. [7] However, the planners of the Rides were undeterred and decided to continue preparing. Fred Shuttlesworth - Early Life Early Life Born in Mount Meigs, Alabama, Shuttlesworth became pastor of the Bethel Baptist Church in Birmingham in 1953 and was Membership Chairman of the Alabama state chapter of the NAACP in 1956, when the State of Alabama formally outlawed it from operating within the state. After the violence that occurred in Alabama but before the Freedom Riders could move on, Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy gave Shuttlesworth his personal phone number in case the Freedom Riders needed federal support. The morning after the bombing, Fred Shuttlesworth's congregation begged him to cancel… ———— …late-night explosion reduced the small house to shambles and rattled windows a mile away. No man can make us hate; and no men can make us afraid. While the movement still insisted on non-violent protest, the escalation in tactics touched both sides and threatened to break open. At the time, Shuttlesworth was working as the membership chairman for the Alabama chapter of the NAACP. Bombings increased in frequency at homes, churches and synagogues. Below we countdown to Fred Shuttlesworth upcoming birthday. His letters to King took a challenging tone, warning that "flowery speeches" were needed less than "the hard job of getting down and helping people." Shuttlesworth to return to Birmingham for post-stroke therapy. On the night of December 25, his house was bombed. Shuttlesworth was apparently personally fearless, even though he was aware of the risks he ran. The minister at one point had thought he wouldn't live to see 40, dwelling in the Deep South during tumult. The Birmingham Civil Rights Institute Fred L. Shuttlesworth Human Rights Award is bestowed annually in his name. In 2001 President Clinton awarded Shuttlesworth the Presidential Citizens Medal. The Rev. Shuttlesworth invited SCLC and King to come to Birmingham in 1963 to lead the campaign to desegregate it through mass demonstrations–what Shuttlesworth called "Project C", the "C" standing for "confrontation". Fred Shuttlesworth carries on a 40-year fight as the movement's 'battlefield general', https://www.bhamwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Fred_Shuttlesworth&oldid=178919, "Connor asks Negro pastor to take lie test in bombing." Shuttlesworth somehow escaped unhurt even though his house was heavily damaged. Fred Shuttlesworth on Bombings and Beatings in 1950s Birmingham. Back home in Cincinnati, Shuttlesworth organized the Greater New Light Baptist Church in Cincinnati's North Avondale neighborhood in 1966 and continued to work actively for social and economic justice for African Americans. Shuttlesworth, 85, who had a benign tumor removed from his brain in August 2005, suffered a . Found inside – Page 112Shuttlesworth, Martin Luther King Jr., and others had recently established the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. ... Just after the ministers arrived at the Shuttlesworth home and sat down for lunch with Shuttlesworth's wife, ... At 18, Charles Person was the youngest of the original Freedom Riders, key figures in the U.S. Civil Rights Movement who left Washington, D.C. by bus in 1961, headed for New Orleans. In 2008 Birmingham International Airport was renamed the "Fred Shuttlesworth Birmingham International Airport" in his honor. His fiery sermons made an indelible impression on every heart who heard him, his commitment was contagious, it . Shuttlesworth's married his second wife at the age of 84, when Sephira was only 49. Do have any memories of the famous civil […] Fred Shuttlesworth will celebrate 100th birthday on a Friday 18th of March 2022. Fred L. Shuttlesworth. African American Registry. In the Name of Civil Rights: The Rev. He was a Black civil rights activist and minister. Robert Bentley orders flags on state buildings at half staff for Rev. He was named in a libel suit against the New York Times in 1960 and was ordered to pay $500,000 in damages. His daughter Carolyn Shuttlesworth said the cause of death was . "Audacity" and "defiance" are just two words that come to mind when recounting the life of the Rev. It used both litigation and direct action to pursue its goals. Albert, Melissa. In 1992 a statue of Shuttlesworth was placed directly in front of the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute, which he helped to create. Shuttlesworth completed his bachelor's degree at Selma University in 1951 and went on to get a second degree in English from the Alabama State Teachers College in Montgomery, which he completed in 1953. Fred Shuttlesworth, a pastor, a freedom rider, and overall badass, died at the age of 89 in his hometown of Birmingham, Alabama on Wednesday. Found inside – Page 260On Christmas night in Birmingham, about eighty miles north of Montgomery, the home of black minister Fred Shuttlesworth was bombed. His wife and children suffered minor injuries. To Shuttlesworth, who had preached in churches throughout ... In 1998, Shuttlesworth became an early signer and supporter of the Birmingham Pledge, a grassroots community committed to combating racism and prejudice. “Fred Shuttlesworth Americans Minister And Civil Rights Activist.” Encyclopedia Britannica, March 14, 2019, www.britannica.com/biography/Fred-Shuttlesworth. It is my conviction that it is our duty and right to move courageously against Segregation: to attack it rather than waiting to defend ourselves; it is the problem of others to defend it if they can." Examines a significant confrontation between Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth and Commissioner Bull Connor in Birmingham, Alabama, during the Civil Rights Movement that brought about violence and change to this southern city. In its 1969 decision of Shuttlesworth v. Birmingham, the Supreme Court reversed Shuttlesworth's conviction, determining that circumstances indicated that the parade permit was denied not to control traffic, as the state contended, but to censor ideas. Hold a press conference in Birmingham, Alabama, 22nd October 1963. He organized a group of drivers to rescue injured riders in Anniston and bring them to University Hospital in Birmingham. His biological father was Vetta Greene. [2], When Shuttlesworth and his wife Ruby attempted to enroll their children in John Herbert Phillips High School,[5] a previously all-white public school in Birmingham in the summer of 1957,[6] a mob of Klansmen attacked them, with the police nowhere to be seen. Nash noted, Fred was practically a legend. Fred L. Shuttlesworth, 89, one of the bravest and most dynamic leaders of the civil rights movement, who survived bombings, beatings and dozens of arrests in his efforts to end segregation in Birmingham, Ala., and throughout the South, died Oct. 5 at a Birmingham hospital. Rev. BIRMINGHAM, Ala. (AP) — The Rev. Shuttlesworth", "Shuttlesworth buried at Birmingham's Oak Hill after final tributes". Commissioner of Public Safety Bull Connor instructed Police Chief Jamie Moore that Shuttlesworth should be subjected by investigators to a lie detector test, "to clear up some rumors that have been circulating." In May, Shuttlesworth expressed his vision of the spiritual movement for righteousness, paraphrasing the hymn "Lift Every Voice and Sing," in a speech given to a gathering of black ministers in Washington D.C.: "We have arisen to walk with destiny, and we shall march till victory is won. Fred L. Shuttlesworth, 89, one of the bravest and most dynamic leaders of the civil rights movement, who survived bombings, beatings and dozens of arrests in his efforts to end segregation in Birmingham, Ala., and throughout the South, died Oct. 5 at a Birmingham hospital. The Birmingham Preacher Christmas night, 1956 - Birmingham, Alabama: The late-night explosion reduced the small house to shambles and rattled windows a mile away. In 1957 Reverend Shuttlesworth attempted to place his two daughters at an all-white segregated high school in Birmingham. He was the main speaker at the January 1956 "Emancipation Rally" sponsored by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. His private car was confiscated. The meeting was inconclusive. *Fred Shuttlesworth was born on this date in 1922. Shuttlesworth embraced that philosophy, even though his own personality was combative, headstrong and sometimes blunt-spoken to the point that he frequently antagonized his colleagues in the Civil Rights Movement as well as his opponents. from Alabama State University. (June 3, 1958), "Shuttlesworth Returns Challenge of Connor" (June 4, 1958), Walton, Val (February 19, 2008) "Rev. Fred was beaten with chains, baseball bats, and brass knuckles and Shuttlesworth's wife, Ruby, was stabbed in the hip. A year after the divorce, Shuttlesworth's first wife passed. He would not back down, and you could count on it. Found inside – Page 599Fred Shuttlesworth was an integral leader in the campaign for civil rights, most famous for his fiery and sometimes controversial ... cofounded the SCLC, Shuttlesworth and his wife tried to enroll their daughter in an all-white school. The Institute created the Fred L. Shuttlesworth Human Rights Award in 2002, honoring him as the first recipient as well as the award's namesake. Frederick Lee "Fred" Shuttlesworth (March 18, 1922 - October 5, 2011), born Fred Lee Robinson, was a U.S. civil rights activist who led the fight against segregation and other forms of racism as a minister in Birmingham, Alabama. Frankly, neither can I. On March 6, 1957, a day after the Alabama Public Commission ruled that waiting rooms designated for interstate travel must remain segregated, Weaver met the Rev. While Connor's direct police tactics intimidated black citizens of Birmingham, they also created a split between Connor and the business leaders. His family moved to Birmingham when he was a toddler, and he served as a . Shuttlesworth told him to tell the Klan that he was not leaving and "I wasn't raised to run. I would certainly hope that we would never be found fighting as our enemies expect; that is, as they plan for us to fight. Shuttlesworth organized the Greater New Light Baptist Church in 1966. Shuttlesworth participated in the sit-ins against segregated lunch counters in 1960 and took part in the organization and completion of the Freedom Rides in 1961. They married later that year. 733, The University of Alabama Press , 2002. There is also a North and South Fred Shuttlesworth Circle (the former North and South Crescent Avenues) in Cincinnati. The Shuttlesworths had bought tickets to Atlanta and . Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights, Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport, Birmingham Civil Rights Institute Fred L. Shuttlesworth Human Rights Award, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, "Cincinnati street's name honors a King associate", "O'Connor wins top honor at Jefferson Awards fete", "City voters repeal amendment on gay rights", "Coming to terms with gay issues: Region leans toward tolerance, not acceptance", "Fred L. Shuttlesworth, courageous civil rights fighter, dies at 89", "Birmingham civil rights leader Fred Shuttlesworth dies", "Alabama Gov. Shuttlesworth is among the iconic figures honored in the International Civil Rights Walk of Fame at the Martin Luther King Jr. National Historic Site in Atlanta. Fred L. Shuttlesworth, a storied civil rights leader who survived beatings and bombings in Alabama a half-century ago as he fought against racial injustice alongside the Rev. Teenage students were recruited to march, but younger children demanded to be able to participate. On December 25, 1956, Ku Klux Klan members in Alabama bombed the home of civil rights activist Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth. In 2001, President Bill Clinton awarded Shuttlesworth a Presidential Citizens Medal for his leadership in the "non-violent civil rights movement of the 1950s . Similarly, while Connor may have benefited politically in the short run from Shuttlesworth's and Bevel's determined provocations, they also fit into Shuttleworth's long-term plans. Not a victory for Negroes, but a victory for America, for right, for righteousness. "America owes Reverend Shuttlesworth a debt of gratitude, and our thoughts and prayers are with his wife, Sephira, and their family, friends and loved ones," President Obama said. Fred walked away, and preached that a miracle would come. On appeals the case reached the US Supreme Court. 3. Fred Shuttlesworth was a giant of man, perhaps not in physical stature but his tenacious spirit, energetic zeal, and stubborn, determined courage to complete his task and free his people is unmatched. The Rev. [2] He returned to Birmingham after his retirement in 2007. Oxford UP. Prompted by the removal of a non-cancerous brain tumor in August of the previous year, he gave his final sermon in front of 300 people at the Greater New Light Baptist Church on March 19, 2006—the weekend of his 84th birthday. Carry Me Home: Birmingham, Alabama, the Climactic Battle of the Civil Rights Revolution. Fred L. Shuttlesworth refused to back down despite huge risks, enduring arrests, beatings and injuries from fire hoses aimed at blacks marching for racial equality in the segregated South of the early 1960s. And it would play out in newspapers and on television screens across the country. Through dramatic primary source photographs, author David Aretha explores this crucial struggle of the Civil Rights Movement. Shuttlesworth's activities were not limited to Birmingham. And I fervently pray that most of all, we shall never be found fearing to begin. He was installed as the secretary of the group, a position he held for 12 years. A woman named Rosa Parks got arrested for refusing to give her bus seat to a white man. Fred Shuttlesworth's children resist foundation. The book won a Lillian Smith Book Award for writing on racial and social justice and the James F. Sulzby Award for writing on Alabama History. Fred Shuttlesworth is dead at 89. Frederick Lee Shuttlesworth (born Fred Lee Robinson, March 18, 1922 - October 5, 2011) was a U.S. civil rights activist who led the fight against segregation and other forms of racism as a minister in Birmingham, Alabama.He was a co-founder of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, initiated and was instrumental in the 1963 Birmingham Campaign, and continued to work against racism and . "[22], Although he was born Freddie Lee Robinson, Shuttlesworth took the name of his stepfather, William N. "[citation needed], In 1958, Shuttlesworth survived another attempt on his life. Found inside – Page 170killers—the woman's husband, Roy Bryant, and his half-brother, J. W. Milam—went to Till's family's home, ... 152 The same year in Birmingham, civil rights activist Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth and his wife Ruby attempted to enroll their ... He was a Methodist before becoming a Baptist minister. [23] His stepfather, William N. Shuttlesworth, worked as a coal miner and a bootlegger. Rev. Fred L. Shuttlesworth, a leader of the civil rights movement, passed away Wednesday morning after a long illness. He moved to Cincinnati, Ohio in 1961, commuting back to Birmingham for his ACMHR duties. In December 1956 the United States Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation on buses in Montgomery was illegal. They resented both the damage Connor was doing to Birmingham's image around the world and his high-handed attitude toward them. On January 8, 2001, he was presented with the Presidential Citizens Medal by President Bill Clinton. Funds to support these activities were raised at mass meetings, held weekly on Monday evenings in churches all across the city. Fred's wife Mrs.Shuttlesworth told news reporters "He was bombed in bed". A Greyhound bus carrying Freedom Riders was torched in Anniston. (Letter to Reverend M. L. King Jr, July 27, 1957). 61–64. Fred Shuttlesworth, an Alabama pastor who died Wednesday at age 89, was a civil-rights pioneer who made Birmingham one of the key battlegrounds in the movement. 733, The University of Alabama Press , 2002. Found inside – Page 89Fred Shuttlesworth had been pastor of Bethel Baptist and served as chair of the Alabama Christian Movement for Human ... Shuttlesworth and his wife , Ruby , attempted to enroll two of their three children in all - white Philip High ... However, Shuttlesworth was raised by his mother, Alberta Robinson Shuttlesworth and his stepfather, William Nathan Shuttlesworth, a farmer in rural Oxmoor, Alabama. And when Shuttlesworth tried to enroll his daughters in an all-white Birmingham school in 1957, an armed mob attacked him, beating him unconscious and stabbing his wife. He separated from his first wife, Ruby, in 1969. [24], Fred's mother Alberta died in 1995 at the age of 95. to organize the Rides[8] and became engaged with ensuring the success of the rides, especially during their stint in Alabama. On July 16, 2008, the Birmingham, Alabama, Airport Authority approved changing the name of the Birmingham's airport in honor of Shuttlesworth. Found inside – Page 102Fred Shuttlesworth (1922–2011) He was the founder of the Alabama Christian Rights Movement for Human rights in 1956. ... Birmingham public school in 1957 (resulting in an attack on Shuttlesworth and his wife by a mob of Klansmen). W. E. B. Du Bois, American Prophet, the first religious biography of this leader, illuminates the spirituality that is essential to understanding his efforts and achievements in the political and intellectual world. The following Saturday an outburst of bombings and arsons occurred, including a pair of blasts at the Gaston Motel. Incredibly, Shut- CINCINNATI —. Fred walked away, and preached that a miracle would come. "Fred Shuttlesworth, Minister and Leader!". [4][5] His assailants included Bobby Frank Cherry, who six years later was involved in the 16th Street Baptist Church Bombing. Members of the movement voted to continue in defiance of the law and not to stop until their demands were met. Found inside – Page 163They were driven by the girls' father, the Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth, and his wife, Ruby, plus another minister, J.S. Phifer. As they pulled up in front they were met by a group of about thirty white men, some of them wearing brass ... Business class was beginning to see the end of segregation, Connor ordered Fire hoses and police dogs to... Was contagious, it equality made him a role in the name of his fellow to... With the riders. [ 29 ] his daughter Carolyn Shuttlesworth said the of. Cincinnati — a landlord in the city to stand up for their rights 1960s Civil rights Act of 1964 a! 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