Gordon Willard Allport (November 11, 1897 – October 9, 1967) was an American psychologist. In 1915, he graduated second in his class at Glenville High School at the age of eighteen. Using rats and doing maze learning in animals and studies using men who were rendered speechless steadily increased from 1918 on. A shy and studious boy, he was teased quite a bit and lived a fairly isolated childhood. His father was a country doctor with his clinic and hospital in the family home. [4] Allport reported that "Tending office, washing bottles, and dealing with patients were important aspects of my early training" (p. Allport says that the theory: ... avoids the absurdity of regarding the energy of life now, in the present, as somehow consisting of early archaic forms (instincts, prepotent reflexes, or the never-changing Id). ", "The 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century", Allports classic paper on autonomy of motives, Gordon Allport, The Open System in Personality Theory, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Allport&oldid=986409746, Presidents of the American Psychological Association, Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Articles needing additional references from June 2007, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2017, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. For example, a woman might initially have a strong need to make friends because of early childhood abandonment or feelings of inadequacy. Allport attempted to draw a clear distinction between motives and drives. A causa de las instalaciones inadecuadas que había en los hospitales de esa época, el padre d… Cuando tenía seis años se mudaron a la ciudad de Ohio. Be found at the exact moment they are searching. Debido a que las instalaciones médicas en aquel mo… Hocutt, Max (2004). His fifth book, published in 1955, was titled Becoming: Basic Considerations for Psychology of Personality. Allport suggested that perhaps the boy had learned this dirt phobia from his mother, a very neat and apparently rather domineering type. 1. Gordon Allport died on October 9, 1967, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, of lung cancer. This book became one of his most widely known publications. Cardinal trait - This is the trait that dominates and shapes a person's behavior. Between thirty of his colleagues, they divided fifty journals according to how significant and devoted they were to the advancement of psychology as a science (Allport, pg.1). Review - Inventing Personality. "[5][7], Biographers describe Allport as a shy and studious boy who lived a fairly isolated childhood. Allport also spent a brief period of time teaching at Dartmouth College, though he soon returned to Harvard where he taught until his death in 1967. Gordon Allport (1897-1967) foi psicólogo norte-americano. He began teaching his course "Personality: Its Psychological and Social Aspects" in 1924; it was probably the first course in personality psychology ever taught in the U.S. During this time, Allport married Ada Lufkin Gould, who was a clinical psychologist, and they had one child, a boy, who later became a pediatrician. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1933. He distinguished between drive and motive and explored the conditions that support and affect each. He taught “Personality: It’s Psychological and Social Aspects,” which was a study derived from the research he had previously conducted with his brother. His father was a country doctor, which meant that Gordon grew up with his father’s patients and nurses and all … During his tenure at Harvard, Allport sat on many committees and facilitated groundbreaking courses. In the following year, he received the APA's Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award. Matlin, MW., (1995) Psychology. He organized these into three levels of traits. Autor do livro Personality: Psychological Interpretation. But an independent motive can develop out of this drive, and the same woman might nurture her friendships because of her concern for her friends, or because she enjoys doing activities with them. Unlike many other psychologists of his time, Allport placed a strong emphasis on conscious motivations and thoughts, and this led to a strong interest in the development of personality. The less than adequate hospital facilities in Cleveland required that Allport’s father allow doctors, nurses, and patients to reside in the home with the family. [10], Harvard then awarded Allport a coveted Sheldon Traveling Fellowship--"a second intellectual dawn," as he later described it. During the next several years, Allport was an active member of several societies and published several books. The idea that drives can become independent of the original motives for a given behavior is known as "functional autonomy.". Gordon Allport's father, who was Scottish, shared this outlook, and operated by his own philosophy that "If every person worked as hard as he could and took only the minimum financial return required by his families needs, then there would be just enough wealth to go around. When Gordon was six years old, the family had moved many times and finally settling in Ohio; his early education was in the public schools of Cleveland, Ohio. Born in Indiana in 1897, Gordon Allport was one of four children. Allport determined that every human being possesses hundreds of traits that exist on one of three levels: Allport also identified the existence of what he termed genotypes and phenotypes—internal and external conditions that motivate a person’s behavior. Gordon Allport was born in Montezuma, Indiana, in 1897, the youngest of four brothers. In 1943, he was elected President of the Eastern Psychological Association. 172). In 1931, he served on the faculty committee that established Harvard's Sociology Department. [3], Allport was born in Montezuma, Indiana, the youngest of four sons of John Edward and Nellie Edith (Wise) Allport. Allport diverged from his brother’s pursuit of psychology, earning a bachelor's degree in economics and philosophy instead. Allport was criticized for diagnosing and treating morphine addicts via mail simply on the basis of letters and no in-person appointments. Nicholson, I. Sus padres eran Nellie Edith y John Edwards Allport, quien era un médico rural. He acted as editor, faculty member, and fellow, and in 1939, he was chosen to be president of the American Psychological Association. For him, a drive is more akin to an unconscious behavior. Allport later points out that studies related to the higher mental processes, such as language behavior that involved learning, reasoning, and concept-formation began declining, but experimental studies, however, were slowly on the rise. Allport rejected the Freudian views of the unconscious as well as the reductionist theories that attribute human behavior to innate instincts, childhood conditioning, or repressed complexes. Aplicó conceptos y métodos de las ciencias sociales a los estudios psicológicos y desarrolló una original teoría de la personalidad, expuesta en obras como Personalidad: una interpretación psicológica (1937). Nicholson, I. However he earned his A.B. Then Allport returned to Harvard as an instructor in psychology from 1924 to 1926. Allport hypothesized the idea of internal and external forces that influence an individual's behavior. Allport was one of the first psychologists to focus on the study of the personality, and is often referred to as one of the founding figures of personality psychology.
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