Unlike the rest of the world, where there is a palpable sense of urgency and shared resolve on cooperating to mitigate the effects of a warming planet, the Middle East’s legacy of conflict will cast a long shadow over any attempts to address climate-related priorities. The effects of climate change on the food supply exacerbated the underlying tensions that have led to ongoing Middle East … J. Water Scarcity Climate Change and Conflict in the Middle East The countries that make up the MENA region display wide diversity. “Was climate change the sole reason for the civil war? By the end of the century, daytime highs could reach 50°C, with 200 days of … Some academics attribute the collapse of the Egyptian Empire over 4,000 years ago to drought, causing ‘great riots and anarchy’. Research provides first deep look at how global warming may already influence armed conflict. Knowledge of the complex interaction between environmental and socio-political stresses in the Palestinian context made me wary of claims that the effects of climate change in the Middle East will exacerbate or trigger conflict. The Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) faces simultaneous crises of security, water scarcity and climate change. Part 3 (learning units 6-8) looks at how climate change is already pressurizing agriculture in various parts of the Middle East, inducing food shortages, rural flight, insecurity and conflict; and how climate-induced crises of the types that hit Syria and Sudan in recent decades could be more prevalent in future. “We don't live in a stable situation to which climate change adds stress. At the end of 2020, a record 55 million people had been forced to move within their countries due to extreme weather events. Climate change will have dire and severe impacts on the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) 2region. By 2030, temperatures in the world’s hottest, driest and most water-scarce region are expected to increase more than twice the global average. Syria, Water, Climate Change, and Violent Conflict ... and a wave of political reform sweeping over the entire Middle East and North Africa region. That includes five countries of the Horn: Eritrea, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan. Tribes, local communities and even countries can dispute and contest access to water sources. 51 (2019), 626–628 Climate change has long been regarded as a threat multiplier exacerbating conflict, social unrest and state fragility. Rioux described his agency’s efforts to address resource competition in the Sahel and water scarcity in the Middle East. ‣ Water weaponization Climate change also poses distinct challenges to U.S. national security. Climate change is a threat that sees no borders and can harm us all. JEANNIE SOWERS Understanding Climate Vulnerability in the Middle East and North Africa MICHAEL MASON Climate Change and Conflict in the Middle East KAREN RIGNALL Living Climate Change in the Middle East and North Africa. Climate change is a major source of concern in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, and migration is often understood as one of several strategies used by households to respond to changes in climate and environmental conditions, including extreme weather events. The Climate & Migration Coalition has warned that countries caught up in armed conflict or civil war are particularly vulnerable to famine in the event of drought. Nowhere is this trend more visible than in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), a region of critical importance to U.S. national security interests. The consistency of climate models made the eastern Mediterranean a great place to start looking for possible connections between human-cause climate change and conflict. These questions guided an analysis of research addressing the linkages between climate-related environmental change and violent conflict in East Africa. Climate change is a reality here They travel by cart in search of food for their own herd and the herds they care for on behalf of uncles, cousins and farmers in their village who also raise cattle. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports 500 million people were already living in areas turning from fertile land into desert in 2015, most believed to be in South and East Asia, North Africa and the Middle East. Climate change is a major source of concern in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, and migration is often understood as one of several strategies used by households to respond to changes in climate and environmental conditions, including extreme weather events. The final policy brief of the European Union research project "Climate Change, Hydro-conflicts and Human Security" (CLICO) presents the results of three years of research in the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and the Sahel (MMES). Several regional hotspots frequently come up in the international debate on climate change, migration, and conflict. The Middle East and North Africa have suffered more than any other region from water scarcity and desertification, problems being complicated by climate change… (2017, January 13). Climate change threatens the Middle East and North Africa more than any other region on the planet. Climate change affects food security as changing temperatures, rainfall variability, and more frequent and intense extreme weather events are straining water supplies and reducing … The Mediterranean region is currently experiencing an ongoing 50-year drying trend, likely linked to climate change, which puts significant stress on local and regional food production. The Middle East is experiencing its most severe drought in 900 years, according to NASA-- one which is seemingly endless.The drought peaked between 2006 … According to climate Int. BONN, Germany, Feb 24 2021 (IPS) – For Sudanese youth, climate change is synonymous with insecurity. Climate Change, Human Security and Violent Conflict, Hexagon Series on Human and Environmental … Ghani highlighted our research on how climate change had exacerbated herder-farmer conflict in Nigeria and international tensions along the Nile River. Middle East Stud. Improving local state capacity promises to achieve multiple goals, including possibly reducing the risk of climate change increasing conflict. MEI's Climate Change, Environment and Human Security Program examines the issues of human security, environmental health, and sustainability, as well as the challenges and opportunities that climate change presents to people living in the Middle East … The climate challenge for the Middle East is primarily about adaptation. Climate Change and Rising Food Prices Heightened Arab Spring. ScienceDaily. The Middle East … Over the past century temperatures have risen 0.5 degrees Centigrade and precipitation has fallen in some areas by as much as 10%. Retrieved May 14, … It explores people’s experience with conflict and climate risks, their ways of coping and adapting and how, in the absence of adequate support, they may be forced to drastically change their way of life, diversify their livelihoods or move away from their homes. Researchers also agree on the need for a better understanding of why, how and when this might occur. It also gives policy recommendations. They are interlinked—the water crisis is exacerbated by climate change and may fuel conflict, while insecurity is an obstacle to dealing with other pressing issues. Water Scarcity, Climate Change and Conflict in the Middle East: Securing Livelihoods, Building Peace (International Library of Human Geography) Numerous complex conflict dynamics and particularly severe climate change consequences permeate states in the Middle East. In some areas, such as the Moroccan highlands, it … There is a strong causal link between climate extremes and increased likelihood of violence, from U.S. cities to the Middle East, a study found. A recent IISD repor t discusses the potential security challenges of climate change … ... and the increasing risks of climate change… The second is a critical examination of the climate change-conflict nexus that is applied to developing countries in conflict. Climate change works like this, as extreme weather events combine with already existing conflicts or other crises to make life even more difficult for those grappling with its impacts. Climate Change, Environment, and Human Security. An increase in conflict is also likely in the event of mass water scarcity, the report says. Hamas is trying to change the rules of the game, and Israel's trying to restore the old rules, and that's the battle," hs said. This report addresses the links between climate change, peace and conflict. Climate change, Middle East conflict to be discussed at World Economic Forum A participant at a climate activists' gathering in Landquart, Switzerland, yesterday, before the start of … Climate change could exacerbate existing problems in the Middle East, and may in turn hold serious implications for regional security. In a response in Nature Climate Change, Raleigh, Linke and O’Loughlin (2014) criticized the above study for using faulty statistics that ignored political and historical drivers of conflict and overemphasized climate change as a causal factor. The Middle East … Around the world, temperatures and sea levels are rising. Although climate change is already affecting stability and security, there is hope for a clean energy economy, reconstruction of infrastructure, and jobs creation, both in the US and in the Middle East. Investing in sustainable agriculture, rural development and clean energy is an integral part of the solution to sustain peace by helping to reduce tension and … Water Scarcity, Climate Change and Conflict in the Middle East: Securing Livelihoods, Building Peace (International Library of Human Geography) [Rucksthuhl, Sandra, Ward, Christopher] on Amazon.com. “We are living in a continuous insecurity due to many factors that puts Sudan on top of the list when it comes to climate vulnerability,” said Nisreen Elsaim, Sudanese climate activist and chair of United Nations Secretary General’s Youth Advisory Group on Climate Change. Environmental factors in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) have played a crucial role in the historical and social development of the region. Hotter heatwaves, higher sea levels and more severe droughts: This is the sweltering reality in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) where climate change is an especially urgent issue. The consistency of climate models made the eastern Mediterranean a great place to start looking for possible connections between human-cause climate change and conflict. In some cases, water shortages lead to direct forms of conflict. Historically, climate change and conflict have been inextricably linked throughout the region Israel-West Bank barrier wall. The RICCAR Arab Climate Change Assessment Report predicts higher temperatures, altered precipitation, declining fresh water resources, and advancing desertification for the region. In 2020, more people displaced by extreme climate than conflict. The Middle East and North Africa region emerges as one of the hotspots for worsening extreme heat, drought, and aridity conditions. Links between climate change and conflict should always be considered in the context of “the larger political economy of rural transformations in the contemporary world,” says Dalby. Climate change and conflict are among the leading causes of global hunger. The third is the intersection of International Relations theory and Middle East politics in explaining inter-state dynamics in the region after the Arab Spring. The debate over whether climate change exists and is human-caused has long been settled by scientists. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports 500 million people were already living in areas turning from fertile land into desert in 2015, most believed to be in South and East Asia, North Africa and the Middle East. Yet the tensions which have prevailed between Israel and its Arab neighbours since 1948 have limited cooperation until today and at times escalated to war. Mozambique, continued the UN chief, is facing a triple threat of conflict, the climate crisis, and the COVID-19 pandemic, and its people urgently need help. Mali is one of the places the tool has predicted will face conflict over water scarcity in 2020. Overuse, population growth, and climate change are contributing to desperate conditions and violent extremist organizations (VEOs) are turning scarce water into a weapon. “The challenges that growing water scarcity and climate change pose to Jordan and other Arab states are significant,” Greenwood wrote in a recent essay published in the Journal of the Middle East Policy Council. Climate migrants in northwest Africa, for … *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. In 2018, the MENA region emitted 3.2 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide and produced 8.7% of global greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) despite making up only 6% of the global population. But the conflict will also exacerbate the … The policy brief is … From more intense forest fires in California to more prolonged droughts in the Horn of Africa to recurring typhoons in Southeast Asia—much of the world is already experiencing the negative impacts of a changing climate. In the context of Israeli-Palestinian relations, the distribution of water to the West Bank and Gaza Strip has been one of the most significant drivers of conflict. The rivers of the Jordan system all have a transboundary nature, a configuration which requires cooperation amongst all co-riparians to achieve sustainable water management. Climate change in the Middle East and North Africa refers to changes in the climate of the MENA region and the subsequent response, adaption and mitigation strategies of countries in the region. The Middle East region is currently facing simultaneous security, climate change and water scarcity crises. On October 15-16, 2017, the Center for International and Regional Studies (CIRS) held a working group under its research initiative on “Water and Conflict in the Middle East.” Over the course of two days, experts engaged in group discussions aimed at identifying a series of original research questions related to competition and cooperation over water in… Michael Mason is Director of the Middle East Centre. Conflict over water in the Middle East and Africa is as old as civilization, but climate change and population growth are compounding age-old problems. Together, the three constitute a confluence of crises that need to be addressed together. With COVID‑19 and other acute crises demanding increasing resources, there is an urgent need for donors to think differently about climate adaptation funding. Ms. Goodman spoke about the strategic importance of water and the concept of water conflict in the Middle East and other regions. One of the poorest countries in the world sits alongside two of the wealthiest, whilst the region's natural resources range from immeasurable oil and gas reserves to some of the scantiest natural endowments anywhere in the world. Climate change and conflict are among the leading causes of global hunger. Indeed, of the twenty highest-ranked countries that are deemed fragile states, twelve are situated in areas of the Middle East, South Asia, and Africa, where climate change is expected to create heightened levels of water scarcity. Recent intelligence reports and war games, including some conducted by the U.S. Department of Defense, conclude that over the next two or three decades, vulnerable regions (particularly sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, South and Climate models are predicting a hotter, drier and less predictable climate in the Middle East, a region already considered the world's most water-scarce and where, in many places, demand for water already outstrips supply. Climate Change Is Going to Hit Palestine Particularly Hard Global warming will exacerbate the Israel-Palestine conflict. No. According to Crawford, the argument that climate change will lead directly to violent conflict is overly simplistic, but climate could be one of conflict’s many drivers in both Africa and the Middle East. Climate change affects food security as changing temperatures, rainfall variability, and more frequent and intense extreme weather events are straining water supplies and reducing crop yields, and causing food prices to rise and be more volatile. Tubiana emphasised the growing human displacement by extreme weather. In addition to those stresses, changes in the climate played a significant role, especially in the Middle East. Water scarcity is a pressing environmental issue in the Middle East … The Greening of Peace: Regional Cooperation on Climate Change in the Middle East Leaders, Friends and Foes in the Middle East Series hosted ... His principal research interests are concerned with international organisations and conflict management, with a particular focus on peacekeeping and 'post-conflict' peace- and state-building. Climate change, water resources and security in the Middle East Stephen Lonergan and Barb Kavanagh The authors, focusing on the issue of water resources, set out and discuss the results of a study of the relationship between climate warming, resources and security, with an emphasis on the Middle East. (MORE: Climate Change to Hit Middle East, North Africa Hard) ... the Middle East and southeast Asia. While not rated at extreme risk from climate change, the Middle East and North Africa region does suffer from severe water shortages, which could lead to conflict in the future. Conflict-induced land cover change is reversible in the near term, potentially averting a persistent increase in dust storm frequency and severity; however, if such dust storms result from aridity and synoptic meteorology that could be significantly affected by climate change, then prolonged impacts in the Middle East may be unavoidable.
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